Clean Energy > Electric Vehicles > Electric Vehicle FAQs

Electric Vehicle (EV)
Frequently Asked Questions

Should I buy an EV now or wait until my gas-powered car is at the end of its life-cycle?

Transitioning to an EV sooner is the best way to reduce carbon emissions and air pollution from our personal transportation, especially if we are currently driving an older vehicle that uses more gas and is higher-polluting. According to a recent study from the International Council on Clean Transportation, “battery electric vehicles (BEVs) have by far the lowest life-cycle GHG emissions… emissions over the lifetime of average medium-size BEVs registered today are already lower than comparable gasoline cars by 66%–69% in Europe, 60%–68% in the United States, 37%–45% in China, and 19%–34% in India. Additionally, as the electricity mix continues to decarbonize, the life-cycle emissions gap between BEVs and gasoline vehicles increases substantially when considering medium-size cars projected to be registered in 2030. 

For most gas cars, only about 10-15% of lifecycle emissions occur from manufacturing and recycling it, with 85-90% of impact happening from the decade or two of driving it. Most EVs pay off their additional impact of manufacturing in 6 months-2 years, depending on battery size.  If you can afford to purchase a much cleaner car and are most concerned about reducing carbon emissions, research shows that it is better to transition to an EV sooner. You can sell your old gasoline car to someone else who can use it until it reaches  the end of its life and is taken off the road. We need to increase the number of EVs on the road relative to gasoline-powered cars.

Can the electrical grid handle EV charging?

The short answer is Yes. Here is a detailed answer provided by the Union of Concerned Scientists that focuses on the national picture as well as one from Climate Nexus, and here is a California-specific  answer provided by the Natural Resources Defense Council.

How will power outages affect my ability to charge an EV?

Some of the impact a power outage will have on EV drivers will depend on your household’s access to other transportation options. If a household has two gas cars and replaces one of those vehicles with an all-electric vehicle, they can consider if their  remaining gas car will be able to meet all their transportation needs in the event of a power outage or emergency. People who are more concerned about the impacts of a power outage can consider purchasing a plug-in hybrid EV instead of an all electric vehicle, or can install backup battery storage at their home if they have the financial means. 

While a power-outage is unlikely to really affect your ability to drive in most cases, it also never hurts to be prepared in case of a long-term outage caused by a natural disaster— the same way you would fill your gasoline-powered car with fuel or stock up on food ahead of time. While reserving your EV’s battery would be the best option, you could also use your L1 charging cable to plug into a portable power generator (or any working outlet anywhere, for that matter). You could also take your vehicle to a charging station outside of the affected area, or find an L3 charging station that uses solar power and/or backup battery storage to serve its customers.

How will the new federal Inflation Reduction Act help me switch to electric?

The Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) of 2022, signed into law on August 16, may be the most significant legislation to accelerate transportation electrification in U.S. history. Incentives endorsed by the IRA include tax credits for American-assembled  light-duty EVs, used EVs, and charging equipment, plus programs to help businesses purchase heavy-duty EVs and related equipment. Read more here.

For California-specific information: Learn more about California’s transition to zero emission vehicles (ZEVs) and the Advanced Clean Cars II regulation

Which would be the best option (cost / environmental benefits) -- installation of a fast-charging plug at home to use for off-hours charging or solar installation with battery storage to support EV charging?

It depends on your home and driving needs. Many people who travel less than 50 miles a day or have a plug-in hybrid are happy with L1 overnight charging from a regular 120v  outlet, and you may already have one in your garage or driveway. Adding a Level 2, 240v charger can cost as little as $800 or so if you have an uncomplicated install, but can get more expensive if you need to upgrade your panel. Solar with storage can cost more than $15,000 and on up, but will pay off in lowered electricity costs over the years, so it really depends on your driving needs and budget.

The federal Inflation Reduction Act can help with reducing the cost of panel upgrades, adding solar, and storage. 3CE can help with the cost of a panel upgrade or adding a charger, if you are in their service territory. SB Home Power is a new program to help you add solar and storage, and also contact a couple local solar installers to compare quotes.

Given that fossil fuels are non-renewable (meaning that they are going to run out!), can EVs and their batteries be manufactured without fossil fuels?

Batteries for electric cars require energy to be manufactured, and in many parts of the world that energy comes from non-renewable resources such as fossil fuels. While the components of an electric car tend to consume more energy and materials during manufacturing than the components of a gas-powered car, electric cars generally have a much smaller carbon footprint over their lifetime according to the EPA. As the world moves toward a zero carbon world, factories are increasing their usage of renewable energy, so manufacturing emissions are dropping. Additionally, most vehicles use the vast majority of energy during the 10-20 years of driving the vehicles, with only a small fraction coming from manufacturing.

What plans does Santa Barbara County have to support EV drivers? More charging stations are necessary for EVs to be a reliable commuter option.

CEC has helped install 1,000 public chargers on the Central Coast:

  • Ventura County: 424+ public charging and 100+ fast charging stations

  • Santa Barbara County: 263+ public charging and 38+ fast charging stations

  • San Luis Obispo County: 282+ public charging and 34+ fast charging stations

CEC is part of the ElectricDrive805 collaborative which is working to bring additional EV charging to our region, promote EV friendly policies, provide EV education and awareness, and other actions to make it easier to drive EVs. 

What data is available showing how much Californians have saved by using the various incentive programs available (in other words, how successful have these programs been in helping increase EV purchases and leases)?

Check out the Clean Vehicle Rebate Project data site and Clean Vehicle Assistance Program program data

How does the number of people living in my household affect the amount of incentives I qualify for? Must they be legal dependents?

Eligibility is different for each program. You can review the Clean Vehicle Rebate Project eligibility info and Clean Vehicle Assistance Program eligibility info.

Is there going to be a solar tax bill in CA?

The state’s net metering rules will be changing soon. If you are interested in solar, you should get quotes from local installers now. They can explain how things are changing, but final details aren’t available.

What EMFs are produced by EVs and what are their potential impacts?

Most experts agree this isn’t a concern. Consumer Reports has an older study on EMF in hybrids, and Sierra Club has recently discussed the matter.

Aren’t electric vehicles are expensive to insure?

EVs can be a bit more expensive to insure depending on the brand. Some vehicles such as Teslas have more expensive equipment and, thus, the insurance is higher than its gas car equivalent. EVs such as the Nissan Leaf are actually cheaper to ensure on average and Chevy Bolts are right about the same.

If I don't have access to an overnight Level 2 charger, can I regularly charge on a supercharger, or will it degrade the battery?

Frequently charging with DC fast chargers can degrade the battery more quickly, resulting in decreased efficiency. Charging with DC fast charging is only recommended when needed.

When will charging become universal - not just Tesla for Tesla, etc?

There currently is a Tesla adapter that can be used to charge non-Teslas at Tesla charging stations. Tesla also recently came out with a charger that charges all EVs. Teslas can currently charge at any charging station in North America.

Electric Vehicle Q&A from CEC’s EV 101 Webinar, June 2020

The following questions and answers were answered live or developed after CEC’s June 2020 EV 101 webinar. Answers were provided either by CEC staff or other attendees. Some of this information may be out of date, so please follow-up with your own research or contact us with your unanswered questions.


General Information


Are new and used EVs available for sale in our county?

Yes, although availability has been impacted due to supply chain disruptions. We recommend checking local dealership inventory online regularly and calling dealerships to learn about anticipated delivery timelines for new EVs. You can also order many new EVs online for delivery at a local dealership.

A great resource for looking through the 80 EV models and determining which meets your lifestyle is https://plugstar.com/cars . You can then visit the manufacturer or local dealer website to learn more. 

For used EVs, searching for the vehicle model with “used” will bring up many third party sellers, and Craigslist is a great resource for private party sales.

MyGreenCar is a great car-buying resource that allows you to select multiple used and new gas, hybrid, and EV cars to test drive and compare your actual battery use and costs of ownership. 


Do you need to service or smog EVs?

Pure EVs do not require services that most gasoline powered vehicles do, such as oil, transmission, cooling, muffler and spark plug maintenance. EVs do not need to be smogged. Plug in hybrids may need some services like oil changes at a reduced frequency, such as every year or two. In general EVs and PHEVs have lower maintenance costs than gasoline cars, with some studies putting it at about half.


Do you know which car manufacturers have the best labor laws and labor union protections? I want to choose a manufacturer that treats its workers fairly.

Some car manufacturers are union – Chevrolet’s Chevy Bolt and Chrysler’s Pacifica PHEV are manufactured in the United States with union labor. Tesla vehicles are the only cars made in California and are not union made, nor are the Prius Prime or Nissan Leaf.


What is a crossover vehicle?

A "crossover" is a vehicle that "crosses over" from the practicality of an SUV to the drivability and fuel efficiency of a car. Examples of EV crossovers are the Kia Niro, Hyundai Kona Electric, Tesla Model Y, and Subaru Crosstrek. Examples of EV SUVs are the Audi e-tron and Tesla Model X. More EV versions of trucks and SUVs are coming out as demand for these types of EV vehicles increases.


Charging Your EV

What are the different ways to charge your EV? What are charging Levels?

Information on the various charging levels can be found here.


Where can you charge your EV? How much does it cost to charge your EV at a charging station? Are there free charging stations? 

PlugShare.com provides a database of more than 300,000 charging stations nationwide. Typically, public charging is 20-30 cents per kWh or $1-2 per hour. You can also search for complimentary charging stations, of which there are a few in our region. Volta has the largest network of free stations.


For those who commute in an EV, is charging at home sufficient to fully recharge the battery each night?

Yes — if you drive less than 50 miles a day, a Level 1 charger from a standard 120 volt outlet may be a very affordable, low cost solution. If you have a Level 2 charger at your home, you should be able to add 200-300 miles to your EV battery overnight.


If you are a renter, who is expected to pay for a new EV charging station? The renter of the landlord?

In most cases, the renter is expected to pay for the purchase and installation of a new EV charging station. It is always a good idea to check with your landlord before making any improvements to your unit. 

If your landlord is interested in adding charging as an amenity, and you live at an apartment building or condos, look into the CALeVIP and SCE ChargeReady 2 programs, which will pay for a large portion of the cost of installing multiple chargers for multifamiliy properties.


Are quick chargers only necessary for road trips?

Quick chargers are very useful for road trips, and many EV owners have taken road trips of thousands of miles in a week or two, or have traveled across the country. Quick chargers can also be useful for extending a vehicle’s range in a day, for example if a Santa Barbara driver wanted to drive to LA or Orange County and back in one day. Drivers that don’t have access to home charging, but own a large battery EV may rely on workplace charging and/or quick chargers as their primary way of fueling their vehicle.


Can I charge my EV at home?

If you have an electric outlet, you can charge your EV at home. A Level 1 charger provides charging through a 120 V AC plug and adds about 2 to 5 miles of range to a vehicle per hour of charging time. Charging with Level 1 EVSE will not require any special equipment besides an outlet, but does require a dedicated branch circuit. A Level 2 charger provides charging through a 240 V AC plug and adds about 10 to 60 miles of range to a vehicle per hour of charging time, making it suitable for all EVs. Using Level 2 EVSE requires drivers install special charging equipment as well as have a dedicated electrical circuit of 20 to 100 amps. Learn more.


Does the battery last longer if you don’t charge it until it is almost depleted or should it be charged nightly?

Yes – the battery will last longer if you charge it to 80%-90%. Some manufacturers provide a built-in buffer so the driver can never charge to 100%. Others allow the driver to set the level of charging. Only charge the battery to 100% when you plan to drive a long distance.


Is use of Tesla Superchargers limited to Teslas?

Yes – the Tesla Supercharger can only be used with Tesla because it requires a unique plug. It is possible to get a converter to use Tesla chargers for other cars, but not ideal. Additionally, there is no free charging for non-Tesla brands and not all Teslas get complimentary charging. 


What is the beta on an adaptive plug-in from non-Tesla EVs to Tesla chargers? Do they work well and are they worth the cost? 

There is no adapter to connect your Ioniq to a Tesla Supercharger. A good bit of news is the new Electrify America Level 3 DC Fast Charging Station in Camarillo where there are 10 chargers – eight 150kW and two 350kW. In general, fast charging for non-Tesla cars is expanding rapidly.


Does an EV battery lose charge while sitting for an extended period of time? For example, if you take it to a trailhead and then backpack for a week, will your battery still be at the same level when you return?

EVs can lose charge very slowly, just like a gas vehicle’s battery would die eventually if not started once in a while. The car still needs to power anti-theft systems, etc. In a week, depending on the car, you might lose a few percent to 10 percent of range. Once you know your car you could take any losses into account when charging before arriving at a trailhead or airport or other places a car might sit a while.

Financial Considerations

What savings can I expect to see from purchasing an EV?

The largest savings will be from not buying gasoline, as EVs can be charged at home during off-peak times on special EV rates for as little as $1.50/gallon equivalent. You likely will also see savings on maintenance. Alameda County found that in their fleet the EVs required 3.5 cents/mile of maintenance versus 7.9 cents/mile for their gasoline vehicles, or about half the expense.

EVs do not require services that most gasoline powered vehicles do, such as oil, transmission, cooling, muffler and spark plug maintenance. EVs do not need to be smogged. Insurance premiums are about the same for EVs and gasoline powered vehicles. Additionally, some state, county and university employees may be eligible for special pricing – check with your employer for additional information.


Why is the residual / resale value of Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) so low? Will BEVs ever become profitable to produce and market?

BEV residual values are low partly because of the $7,500 federal tax credit and $3,000 or more in local incentives. This discount is almost immediately reflected in resale prices and some EVs have experienced low resale values, particularly for earlier EVs with a range of under 100 miles. This means that used car buyers can purchase them for very affordable prices, from $5,000-$10,000, and they make a great second car in a household. For this reason, you may want to consider buying a used EV. 

Another option is leasing a new EV, which often have great lease terms, better than gas cars, and you have no risk of depreciation. You could also trade-in every few years to take advantage of battery range improvements. 

Other EVs like Teslas have some of the lowest depreciation in the industry, with the Model 3 only seeing 10% depreciation versus industry average of 39% after 3 years.

BEVs are profitable now for manufacturers at scale. Tesla reportedly makes as much as 25% gross margins on vehicles, but is investing heavily to scale up production with new factories - thus why they don’t always show a quarterly profit.


Do the calculated costs for maintenance include replacement of a bad battery? What is the typical lifetime of an EV battery? Which company has the longest battery life?

EV batteries typically have a warranty that covers 100,000 miles, but can cover more – for example, 2020 Toyota EVs come with a 10-year 150,000 mile warranty. The batteries are designed to last the lifetime of the vehicle, and the lower maintenance costs we cite do not incorporate a battery replacement. 

Tesla is widely considered the automaker with the most advanced batteries, with some high mileage vehicles lasting over 300,000 miles on a battery.


Are there ways to support working class Black people and people of color to be able to afford EVs?

People who live in the most polluted parts of California often have the least access to clean energy resources like electric vehicles and solar power that can help clean up the air and reduce their energy costs. Access Clean California helps residents with low and moderate incomes get money and other benefits to help them make the switch.You can use CEC’s unique Access Clean CA link to find out which incentives you could qualify for, including those that have enhanced assistance amounts available to folks from low-to-moderate income and working class families. 


Do tax credits apply equally to hybrids or just plug in vehicles?

Hybrids do not qualify for the federal tax credit; only PHEVs and BEVs are eligible, and the amount depends on battery size.


Which rebates apply to used vehicles?

SCE’s Clean Fuel Rewards $1,000 rebate can be used on used vehicles. The Clean Vehicle Assistance Program described above can be used for used vehicles. 


Can you access financial incentives each time you buy an EV or are they only available for your first EV purchase?

You can get the incentives multiple times. Consult the fine print of each one for details.


At what point and to whom do you apply for these incentives?  In advance of selecting a car or after you purchase it?

You apply for the incentives after you purchase the car for most of the programs except the income-limited Clean Vehicle Assistance Program. Consult each program’s details.


Solar Options

Can solar be used to charge an EV? Why don't EVs have solar panels to help with charging?

EVs do not have solar panels because there is not enough space to provide much power, even if you covered the whole car roof and parked in the sun all day you might only get less than 10 miles of range. You may also want to park it in the shade when you can. A better solution is to solar on your house or carport and charge that way. You can learn more about solar.


Solar panels deteriorate over time – do you need to replace them over time? 

Most solar systems sold today come with a 25-year warranty and micro-inverters that offer more output and protection against shade. 


Are there companies that offer a car, solar panel and an at-home charging station bundle purchase option for a reduced price?

Not that we are aware of. Tesla sells all those things, and more.


What is the most economical way to expand a solar system to accommodate an EV?

The AC type of panels each have a micro-inverter and can be added as building blocks as you want. Each panel is sort of an AC generation appliance. It takes about 2 kilowatts of solar (about $6,000-$7,000) to provide enough power to drive an EV 12,000 miles per year. Solar is a great investment for an EV as you may pay off the panels within a few years and then drive for a couple decades for free!


Environmental Impact

What is the environmental impact of EV batteries? Can they be recycled at end of life?

Many lifecycle analyses and reports have found that EVs are much cleaner than gas cars. Many studies are also looking at secondary uses for EV batteries in stationary storage for solar/wind farms or to provide grid services. Scientists are conducting research into the environmental impact of EV batteries, to decrease environmental impacts, and to recycle them. Many consumer lithium batteries, which have shorter lifespans than EV batteries, are being recycled, and automakers have plans to develop large EV battery recycling plants when the used batteries are available. In regards to greenhouse gas emissions, battery electric vehicles repeatedly show a much lower footprint over their lifetime than do gas-powered vehicles, particularly in California where much of our electrical grid is powered by renewable sources.


Does charging an EV with a natural gas power plant produce less CO2 emissions than an efficient gas car?

Yes – an EV is much more efficient than a gas car, see this Union of Concerned Scientists report on the environmental impacts of charging a car in different states with different fuel mixes. In general all US electric grids are getting cleaner as renewables replace gas and coal. California has no coal plants and some of the cleanest electricity in the country, and a goal of 100% clean electricity by 2045.